Friday, July 27, 2018

Set width/height of image to avoid reflow on image load

By Hường Hana 6:30 PM , , Leave a Comment

When I use image tags in html, I try to specify its width and height in the img tag, so that the browser will reserve the space for them even before the images are loaded, so when they finish loading, the page does not reflow (the elements do not move around). For example:

<img width="600" height="400" src="..."/>

The problem is now I want to create a more "responsive" version, where for the "single column case" I'd like to do this:

<img style="max-width: 100%" src="..."/>

but, if I mix this with explicitly specified width and height, like:

<img style="max-width: 100%" width="600" height="400" src="..."/>

and the image is wider than the available space, then the image is resized ignoring the aspect ratio. I understand why this happens (because I "fixed" the height of the image), and I would like to fix this, but I have no idea how.

To summarize: I want to be able to specify max-width: 100%, and also somehow make sure the content is not reflowed when the images are loaded.

8 Answers

Answers 1

I'm also looking for the answer to this problem. With max-width, width= and height=, the browser has enough data that it should be able to leave the right amount of space for an image but it just doesn't seem to work that way.

I worked around this with a jQuery solution for now. It requires you to provide the width= and height= for your <img> tags.

CSS:

img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

HTML:

<img src="image.png" width="400" height="300" />

jQuery:

$('img').each(function() {      var aspect_ratio = $(this).attr('height') / $(this).attr('width') * 100;     $(this).wrap('<div style="padding-bottom: ' + aspect_ratio + '%">'); });

This automatically applies the technique seen on: http://andmag.se/2012/10/responsive-images-how-to-prevent-reflow/

Answers 2

At first I would like to write about the answer from october 2013. This was incomplete copied and because of them it is not correct. Do not use it. Why? We can see it in this snippet (scroll the executed snippet to the bottom):

$('img').each(function() {       var aspect_ratio = $(this).attr('height') / $(this).attr('width') * 100;      $(this).wrap('<div style="padding-bottom: ' + aspect_ratio + '%">');  });
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>  <div style="width:300px;border:1px solid red">  <img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/png;base64,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"/>  Some text  </div>

And we can see the text is afar from bottom. What is in this example incomplete/ incorrect? I will show it with correct example with pure JavaScript (we do not need to download jQuery for that).

Correct example with pure JavaScript

Please scroll the executed snippet to the bottom.

var imgs = document.querySelectorAll('img');  for(var i = 0; i < imgs.length; i++)  {      var aspectRatio = imgs[i].getAttribute('height') /                        imgs[i].getAttribute('width') * 100;        var div = document.createElement('div');      div.style.paddingBottom = aspectRatio + '%';      imgs[i].parentNode.insertBefore(div, imgs[i]);      div.appendChild(imgs[i]);  }
.restrict-container div{position:relative}  img  {      position:absolute;      max-width:100%;      top:0; left:0;      height:auto  }
<div class="restrict-container" style="width:300px;border:1px solid red">      <img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAEsCAIAAABi1XKVAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAAAf3SURBVHhe7do9chtXGoVhb2Ryr0TllSjwLpx7CY6cusrZBFqAEydegPMpL2NEUhTvPf0HkBBxDDxVT6BXajbB7r5fNyB+992v/wD8O2QD1MoGqJUNUCsboFY2QK1sgFrZALWyAWplA9TKBqiVDVArG6BWNkCtbIBa2QC1sgFqZQPUygaolQ1QKxugVjZArWyAWtkAtbIBamUD1MoGqJUNUCsboFY2QK1sgFrZALWyAWplA9TKBqiVDVArG6BWNkCtbIBa2QC1sgFqZQPUygaolQ1QKxugVjZArWyAWtkAtbIBamUD1MoGqJUNUCsboFY2QK1sgFrZALWyAWplA9TKBqiVDVArG6BWNkCtbIBa2QC1sgFqZQPUygaolQ1QKxugVjZArWyAWtkAtbIBamUD1MoGqJUNUCsboFY2QK1sgFrZALWyAWplA9TKBqiVDVArG6BWNkCtbIBa2QC1sgFqZQPUygaolQ1QKxugVjZArWyAWtkAtbIBamUD1MoGqJUNUCsboFY2QK1sgFrZALWyAWplA9TKBqiVDVArG6BWNkCtbIBa2QC1sgFqZQPUygaolQ1QKxugVjZArWyAWtkAtbIBamUD1MoGqJUNUCsboFY2QK1sgFrZALWyAWplA9TKBqiVDVArG6BWNkCtbIBa2QC1sgFqZQPUygaolQ1QKxsu5ref/vef/z775Y8/FxvAmbLhYgwsLi377n3/x4evayxW2g9/PeRPn6bt2WZgcWnZd2w5qgYfPn76+ZenP//98/eLrwXeQ/a92p1W4ccfFl8OvIfs+/Tpx3EkxZuXp3eCAwMLriT7Lo0jaf0jqmmiGVhwJdn36M+Pfz8Po83Pp4ZtDgfW78+fdr348PH3xWYrz26fx+X4jZ5fT+zwhA/Rlnveeg2XNn3QPtl+2d/kOMxPzYNzjsPqTv76bf3HfPj7xR6ueS5uUfY9OmkYvVx22+vk8IOw+fFtXpPn2brit+fFs2/7v3WbY2LnuF34OJz2ceTRyNj5QbbkD3jtc3GTsu/SdA/cuE9+vb1v/FrDyatuuKzX7r0nW67/09fY9sx9s8s8YZ3h9cdh8+Z0zv/ADMYrp+Jc3KLs+7TyJu68u18sufjaXAAxE+Pi/vKvOQGfBuWwq/kZIVdIrsYcCltz+cKGn+JwZV7kOBw5vjmtv4wna7el5U5Kz8VNyL5bazNrsPu51XSBbm05PXpMj2njlw/X7nhZv2w/bDzsZNr55qidf8bpNXwrrx1YrzwOp9h/Sdun6dnB7af3XNyE7PuWt76FtQtrvOvu3u3Ha3RcKhtrb3gxwxBc3Xhjqa8Yt3yPNyOvHFivPA6nWd/ho3EYbT9iz89ZccB7z8VNyOZR3kUHeR2PY2j/Ap2WyjDa3rxQhy3PsvUweEHXHFg7J/FZHoGdWTYZZ8180ovPxU3IZkV8kLz54dHxrX5147cu1PmGf4bzPv15lesMrJOnRoyJk1/t5l2q+VzchGw2bL5Z2F05aXXjty5UA+tl48XdZZ+B9W+TfYeeL77tzyyeDCthvEaHlXO0h2nqXW5gTQ8U8+q9unceWDkvVs/I+g6P/mkyfPedt4Rl5+ImZN+fU6/RrYE13dJP3sPx2jtjoU4f1hzOhXf1vgNrfPDZPhc7Z3zzOXoyj8V5YBWfi5uQfX/GW+LOI9LOZtM1urlOprcq0x7evlDnnccSSl/3sL/ZZbzvwNrYw+joZE1HcnUn8x6Wh7H2XNyE7PszTqIneZlO9+3Plh83HLwTyUs8lu7bF+r894+WL3JeSOvbXNzVBtZiGOU5WtvmURzJaZSs7WQ5a0rPxU3Ivj/LgbVv4ylseQlueVkkW9/6aQUu/vXxC3MxvCzXHIvH1pbrG5z/Ar4czAseh3PP5hfzMD3vB1l7OLr6ubhZ2ffn6yX+efEcXe4Ht8HD1TIPu9V7/qPHNbDc28OaXCzUacHkw+COi6+Q7R9nx8OkuPBx2D8LG2d5cWaX+9+yNrAeXPNc3K7sO/Tlwnq5aNZuj+dcUmvX+tfnoNHW0nrFk8XsYAR8Iw1PWM+WR+BlJK18u623qyun8mk/wwP1wSG9zrm4WdnAsdMHFheVDRwzsK4kGzgyvvldfbPPt5IN7Jo+qjv8XQ0uKxt4tPVfAQO/PPXusoEHh79YZ1pdQzbwaOe3NHxudTXZALWyAWplA9TKBqiVDVArG6BWNkCtbIBa2QC1sgFqZQPUygaolQ1QKxugVjZArWyAWtkAtbIBamUD1MoGqJUNUCsboFY2QK1sgFrZALWyAWplA9TKBqiVDVArG6BWNkCtbIBa2QC1sgFqZQPUygaolQ1QKxugVjZArWyAWtkAtbIBamUD1MoGqJUNUCsboFY2QK1sgFrZALWyAWplA9TKBqiVDVArG6BWNkCtbIBa2QC1sgFqZQPUygaolQ1QKxugVjZArWyAWtkAtbIBamUD1MoGqJUNUCsboFY2QK1sgFrZALWyAWplA9TKBqiVDVArG6BWNkCtbIBa2QC1sgFqZQPUygaolQ1QKxugVjZArWyAWtkAtbIBamUD1MoGqJUNUCsboFY2QK1sgFrZALWyAWplA9TKBqiVDVArG6BWNkCtbIBa2QC1sgFqZQPUygaolQ1QKxugVjZArWyAWtkAtbIBamUD1MoGqJUNUCsboFY2QK1sgFrZALWyAWplA9TKBqiVDVArG6BWNkCtbIBa2QC1sgE6/frP/wEiNOVSBSWikgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="/>      Some text<br>      <img width="400" height="300" src="data:image/png;base64,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"/>      Some text  </div>

The mistake from answer from october 2013: the image should be placed absolute (position:absolute) to the wrapped container but it is not so placed.

This is the end of my answer to this question.

For further information read more about:

Answers 3

For a css only solution, you can wrap the img in a container where the padding-bottom percentage reserves space on the page until the image loads, preventing reflow.

Unfortunately, this approach does require you to include the image aspect ratio in your css (but no need for inline styles) by calculating (or letting css calculate for you) the padding-bottom percentage based on the image height and width.

If many of your images can be grouped into a few standard aspect ratios, then you could create a class for each aspect ratio to apply the appropriate padding-bottom percentage to all images with that aspect ratio. This may save you a little time and effort if you are not dealing with a wide variety of image aspect ratios.

Following is some example html and css for an image with a 2:1 aspect ratio:

HTML

<div class="container">   <img id="image" src="https://via.placeholder.com/300x150" /> </div>

CSS

.container {   display: block;   position: relative;   padding-bottom: 50%; /* calc(100%/(300/150)); */   height: 0; }  .container img {   position: absolute;   top: 0;   left: 0;   width: 100%;   height: 100%; }

The snippet below adds some extra html, css and javascript to create some visual top and bottom reference points and mimic a very slow loading image so you can visually see how the reflow is prevented with this approach.

const image = document.getElementById('image');  const source = 'https://via.placeholder.com/300x150';  const changeSource = () => image.src = source;    setTimeout(changeSource, 3000);
.container {    display: block;    position: relative;    padding-bottom: 50%; /* calc(100%/(300/150)); */    height: 0;  }    .container img {    position: absolute;    top: 0;    left: 0;    width: 100%;    height: 100%;  }    .top, .bottom {    background-color: green;    width: 100%;    height: 20px;  }
<div class="top"></div>  <div class="container">    <img id="image" src="" />  </div>  <div class="bottom"></div>

Answers 4

From this blog post by Jonathan Hollin: add the image's height and width as part of an inline style. This reserves space for the image, preventing reflow when the image loads, but it's also responsive.

HTML

<figure style="padding-bottom: calc((400/600)*100%)">   <img src="/images/kitten.jpg" /> </figure>

CSS

figure {   position: relative; }  img {   max-width: 100%;   position: absolute; }

The figure can be replaced with a div or any other container of your choice. This solution relies on CSS calc() which has pretty wide browser support.

Working Codepen can be seen here.

UPDATE:

I found a much cleverer alternate version of this: http://cssmojo.com/aspect-ratio-using-custom-properties-and-calc/. This still requires a wrapper element and it requires CSS custom properties, but I think it's much more elegant. Codepen example is here (credit to Chris Coyier's original).

Answers 5

I want to develop further my answer, and address the original question asked in May 31 '13 at 6:27 by gabor and it says:

Set width/height of image to avoid reflow on image load. I would like to fix this, but I have no idea how. To summarize: I want to be able to specify max-width: 100%, and also somehow make sure the content is not reflowed when the images are loaded.

Also I want to address de most recent request made by Ry- and it says:

This question has not received enough attention. Can this be done any better in 2018?

Now to make the answer even more clear the meaning of "somehow" acording with the Cambridge dictionary is as follows.

For English: someway in a way or by some means that is not known or not stated.

For American English: in a way which is not known or not stated.

Under this context I managed to somehow make it work using modern CSS and HTML5 Semantic Elements wich are considered some of the best Practices for 2018 acording to this article 30 Best HTML5 Practices 2018

Taking all of that in to consideration the resulting code shows the expected behaviour.

@charset "UTF-8";  :root{    --w:#fff;    --x:100%/600;    --bu:#e15f41;      --m:#786fa6;    --v:400;    --n:#f8a5c2;    --z:400/600;    --t:#333;    --r: calc(var(--z)*100%);    --b:#000;  }    body{    margin: 1rem;  	padding: 0;  	border: 0;    outline: 0;  	font-size: 100%;  	font: inherit;    color: var(--t);  	vertical-align: baseline;    box-sizing: border-box;    font-family: sans-serif;    background-color: var(--b);    min-width: 100px;    display: grid;  }  nav{    text-align: center;    background-color: var(--n);    padding: .3rem;  }  h1, h2, h3{    color: var(--w);  }  ul{    display: grid;    grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);    list-style: none;    padding: .2rem;  }  a{text-decoration: none; color: var(--b);}  a:hover{color:var(--w);text-shadow: 1px 1px 3px var(--t);}  main{    display: grid;    min-width: 100px;    background-color: var(--m);    padding: 1em;  }    figure{    --i:calc(var(--x)*var(--v));    margin: 0;    position: relative;        border: 4px solid white;    padding-top: var(--i);  }  img{    position: absolute;    top: 0px;    left: 0px;    max-width: 100%;    height: 100%;  }      @media only screen and (min-width: 600px){    main{      padding: 1.5em;      min-width: 100px;      background-color: var(--m);      display: grid;      grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr);      grid-gap: .5em;    }  }    @media only screen and (min-width: 1080px){    main{      padding: 2em;      min-width: 100px;      background-color: var(--m);      display: grid;      grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr);      grid-gap: .8em;    }  }
<!DOCTYPE html>  <html lang="en">  <head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="master.css">  <title>Document</title>  </head>  <body>    <header>          <nav>            <h1>site title</h1>            <ul class=''>              <li><a href="#">menu1</a></li>              <li><a href="#">menu2</a></li>              <li><a href="#">menu3</a></li>              <li><a href="#">menu4</a></li>              <li><a href="#">menu5</a></li>            </ul>          </nav>    </header>      <main>        <section>          <h3>Random Title</h3>          <figure>            <img class="on-off" src="" alt="image not found">          </figure>          <article><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p></article>        </section>        <section>          <h3>Random Title</h3>          <figure>            <img class="on-off" src="" alt="image not found">          </figure>          <article><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p></article>        </section>        <section>          <h3>Random Title</h3>          <figure>            <img class="on-off" src="" alt="image not found">          </figure>          <article><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p></article>        </section>        <section>          <h3>Random Title</h3>          <figure>            <img class="on-off" src="" alt="image not found">          </figure>          <article><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p></article>        </section>        <section>          <h3>Random Title</h3>          <figure>            <img class="on-off" src="" alt="image not found">          </figure>          <article><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p></article>        </section>        <section>          <h3>Random Title</h3>          <figure>            <img class="on-off" src="" alt="image not found">          </figure>          <article><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p></article>        </section>        <section>          <h3>Random Title</h3>          <figure>            <img class="on-off" src="" alt="image not found">          </figure>          <article><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p></article>        </section>        <section>          <h3>Random Title</h3>          <figure>            <img class="on-off" src="" alt="image not found">          </figure>          <article><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p></article>        </section>        <section>          <h3>Random Title</h3>          <figure>            <img class="on-off" src="" alt="image not found">          </figure>          <article><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p></article>        </section>      </main>    <footer>              </footer>  </body>  </html>

Aditionally you can see how it works on codepen. GO TO CODEPEN

Answers 6

If I understand the requirements ok, you want to be able to set an image size, where this size is known only on content (HTML) generation, so it can be set as inline styles.

But this has to be independent of the CSS, and also prior to image loading, so also independent from this image sizes.

I have come to a solution tha involves wrapping the image in a div, and including in this div an svg that can be set to have proportions directly as an inline style.

Obviously this is not much semantic, but at least it works

The containing div has a class named img to show that it , well, should be an img

To try to reproduce the loading stage, the images have a broken src

.container {    margin: 10px;    border: solid 1px black;    width: 200px;    height: 400px;    position: relative;  }    .img {    border: solid 1px red;    width: fit-content;    max-width: 100%;    position: relative;  }    svg {    max-width: 100%;    background-color: lightgreen;    opacity: 0.1;  }    #ct2 {    width: 500px;  }    .img img {    position: absolute;    width: 100%;    height: 100%;    max-height: 100%;    max-width: 100%;    top: 0px;    left: 0px;    box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 10px blue;  }
<div class="container" id="ct1">      <div class="img">          <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet" viewBox="0 0 400 300" width="400">          </svg>        <img width="400" height="300" src="missing.jpg">      </div>  </div>  <div class="container" id="ct2">      <div class="img">          <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin meet" viewBox="0 0 40 30" width="400">          </svg>        <img width="400" height="300" src="missing.jpg">      </div>  </div>

Answers 7

<div style=" background-image:url('./media_assets/back1.gif'); background-size: cover; width: 100%; height: 500px; background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat;">

using image as a div background may solve your problem. this works well for responsive design

Answers 8

for responsive html wrap you image with a div fix only width of the div.

css

.imgPan{     width:200px;     } .imgPan img{     max-width:100%;     height:auto; }

html

<div class="imgPan">    <img src="..."/> </div>

now image will re-size in the aspect ratio.

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